These are pepper, aloe vera, sisal leaves, neem, papaya (papain), cinnamon, garlic (allicin), thyme and Oregon.

Diseases and parasites controlled by natural herbs are:
Parasites
They can be grouped into endoparasites (internal) and ectoparasites (external) such as tampans, lice, mites, fleas, ticks and worms. Chemically, ectoparasites are controlled using carbaryl (sevin), ectomine and cooking oil, paraffin oil and motor oil. Oils are applied to parasites to suffocate them.

Organically, farmers use the following herbs to control internal parasites. Worms are controlled using aloe vera, sorghum powder and pepper. Extracts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), Solanaceae (night shade) and Erythrina abyssinica (a multi-purpose tree) are commonly used by local farmers to combat helminthiasis (worm infection).

The above extracts in saline control the gaping worm, which causes pneumonia, panting and suffocation in chicks.

In addition to the above herbs, tapeworms can also be controlled using the following herbs: Cannabis sativa, Clerodendrum rotundifolium and juice of Citrus aurantifolia mixed with potash and Vernonia amygdalina.

Other herbs that have also been used in the fight against intestinal tapeworm and roundworms include ground pumpkin and zucchini seeds, ground garlic (allicin) in drinking water or a 20 percent solution of papaya latex (papain). Biologically, small mealworms and predatory mites can be used to control mites, lice and fleas.

However, herbs have not been proven to completely eliminate all parasites from the flock, but they do have the ability to control them.

Newcastle disease
It is a viral disease that spreads quickly in the herd. It is spread through body contact, contact of infected birds with drinkers, feeders, food and water. This disease affects the respiratory, nervous (convulsions, tremors and paralysis) and digestive systems of birds.

The disease is characterized by wing drop, sneezing, loss of appetite, difficulty breathing, discharge from the nose and eyes, greenish diarrhea, dirty feathers, body weakness and production of thin-shelled eggs in the chickens. It is more widespread during the rainy season.

Biological control
Use of fruit concoctions of Capsicum annum, Amaranthus hybridicus var cruentus (fruits and flowers) and Aloe secundiflora leaves. The mixture is crushed, soaked in water for six hours and given as drinking water or given two tablespoons twice a day. Sometimes Capsicum annum (pili pili hoho) is mixed with wood ash and water.

Neem (mwarobaini) is another herb used to combat Newcastle disease. To control the disease in nine birds, a concoction of one liter of water, one aloe vera leaf and eight red pepper seeds can be used for three days.

Coccidiosis
It is a protozoan disease transmitted to birds through contamination of water, food and droppings. It is characterized by bloody diarrhea, drooping wings, loss of appetite and weight loss.

Organically, farmers controlled coccidiosis using amaranth, spinach, Vernonia amygdalina, certain essential oils, garlic, Lagenaria vulgaris fruits, Cassia spp and aloe vera.

Salmonellosis
It is a bacterial disease transmitted by food, water and equipment contaminated by droppings. Poor hygiene promotes rapid spread of this disease. It is characterized by diarrhea, difficulty breathing, loss of appetite and fever.

Farmers can also use a concoction of Capsicum annum and ash solutions to combat this disease.

Respiratory diseases
Sisal leaves are used to control gastrointestinal diseases, characterized by diarrhea, unthriftiness and drooping wings, while respiratory diseases characterized by coughing, panting and noisy breathing are controlled by the tuber and pepper of Colocasia esculantum (taro).

Infectious bronchitis is controlled by Solanum aculeastrrum and Cannabis sativa.

Avian smallpox
A concoction of two parts Microglossa pyriflora roots, one part Agave sisalana leaves and one part aloe vera leaves boiled for 30 to 45 minutes and given to infected birds as drinking water or a mixture ash and Capsicum annum eliminates disease. Coat the wound with Elaeis guineensis oil.

However, among all herbs, aloe vera stands out as the queen of herbs or a broad-spectrum antibiotic for poultry health.