Last update:October 28, 2024, 1:34 p.m. IST

The Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary is vital for preserving the ecological balance, especially as a wetland ecosystem.

The ideal time to explore the Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary is from October to March, as this is when migratory birds from around the world flock to the area. (Photo: Shutterstock)

Located in the Bharatpur district of Rajasthan, Keoladeo National Park is considered one of the most important bird breeding and wintering areas in the world. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the sanctuary is home to a wide variety of around 370 bird species, including the elusive Siberian crane. This therefore makes it a paradise for bird watchers.

The sanctuary is approximately 55 kilometers from Agra and 185 kilometers from Delhi, ensuring convenient access by road, train and air. Nestled near the meeting point of the Gambhir and Banganga rivers, its proximity to major urban centers makes it a preferred destination for tourists exploring India’s Golden Triangle – Delhi, Agra and Jaipur.

Let’s explore the main features of the Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary, as well as its history and ecological significance:

• Keoladeo National Park is one of the few places in the world where you can observe Siberian cranes during their winter migration. These magnificent birds are critically endangered and their presence in Bharatpur highlights the importance of the park in the conservation of endangered species.
• Although Keoladeo is mainly famous for its avian population, it is also home to a variety of mammal species, including spotted deer, nilgai (blue bull), sambar, wild boars and jackals. Additionally, the park is home to reptiles such as Indian pythons, monitor lizards and several species of turtles, further enriching its biodiversity.
• The park’s wetland ecosystem is an essential component, consisting of a diverse mix of wetlands, shallow lakes, mudflats and grasslands. This variety of habitats supports a wide range of birds, amphibians and other wildlife.

Ancient history

Keoladeo National Park has a rich history dating back to the 18th century, according to reports. Initially, it formed a natural basin at the junction of two rivers, the Gambhir and the Banganga. This served as a hunting ground for the Maharajas of Bharatpur who built a series of embankments to create waterlogged areas to attract waterfowl. Rulers, particularly Maharaja Suraj Mal, recognized the region’s potential as a favored hunting location and made efforts to preserve it.

In 1956, the area was designated a bird sanctuary, aiming to preserve the abundant avian diversity and wetland ecosystem. In 1982, recognizing its ecological importance and the need for enhanced protection, the Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary was transformed into the Keoladeo National Park. This elevation in status introduced stricter conservation measures and regulations.

UNESCO World Heritage Site

Keoladeo was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985 due to its remarkable contribution to bird conservation and its status as a refuge for migratory species. This recognition highlights its importance as a human-created wetland ecosystem that supports a diversity of avian species and serves as winter habitat for thousands of migratory birds.

Ecological importance of Keoladeo National Park

The Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary is vital for preserving the ecological balance, especially as a wetland ecosystem. It provides a refuge for many threatened and endangered species and is an important location for scientific research, education and conservation efforts.

Best time to visit

The ideal time to explore the Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary is from October to March, as this is when migratory birds from around the world flock to the area. During these months, the sanctuary comes alive with the vibrant sights and sounds of thousands of birds, making it rewarding for birders and photographers.